Electrical Equipment Installation Control Systems Commissioning- Testing Start Up of Electrical System

Introduction

Maximum efficiency, reliability, and longevity of electrical equipment such as the various types of motors, variable-speed drives, transformers, generators, rectifiers, inverters, uninterruptible power systems, circuit breakers, fuses, power station electrical and protective systems are of great concern to many industries.  These objectives can only be achieved by understanding the characteristics, selection criteria, common problems and repair techniques, preventive and predictive maintenance.  This course is a MUST for anyone who is involved in the selection, applications, or maintenance of electrical equipment.  It provides the latest in technology.  The course covers how this equipment operates and provides guidelines and rules that must be followed for a successful operation.  Their basic design, operating characteristics, specification, selection criteria, advanced fault detection techniques, critical components as well as all maintenance issues are covered in details.

Objectives

This course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various types of motors, variable-speed drives, transformers, generators, rectifiers and inverters, uninterruptible power systems (UPS), circuit breakers, and fuses. Upon the successful completion of this course, participants will be able to specify select, commission, and maintain this equipment for their applications. Further, participants will have enough knowledge to achieve reduced capital, operating, and maintenance costs along with an increasing inefficiency. During the duration of this course, participants will:-

• Understand diagnostic testing and inspection, advanced fault detection techniques, critical components, and common failure modes.
• Study selection criteria, commissioning requirements, predictive and preventive maintenance, reliability, testing, and cost.
• Discover the maintenance required to minimize their operating cost and maximize their efficiency, reliability, and longevity

Training Methodology

This is an interactive course. There will be open question and answer sessions, regular group exercises and activities, videos, case studies, and presentations on best practice. Participants will have the opportunity to share with the facilitator and other participants on what works well and not so well for them, as well as work on issues from their own organizations. The online course is conducted online using MS-Teams/ClickMeeting.

Who Should Attend?

Engineers of any discipline, managers, technicians, technologists, and other technical personnel. You don’t need to have any background in Electrical Equipment in order to attend this course.

Course Outline

Testing, Troubleshooting Principles and Commissioning Guide of Electrical Equipment

• Introduction
• Basic principles in using a drawing and meter in Troubleshooting circuits
• Checks for circuit continuity with disconnected supply
• Checks for circuit continuity with live supply
• Tests and methods
• Testing devices
• Testing and Commissioning Methods
• Testing and Commissioning Procedures.
• Maintenance of Particular Types of Electrical Equipment
• Nomo gram for temperature correction
• Test voltages for Commissioning and Maintenance
• Recommended insulation values for equipment 

II.    Principles of Maintenance

• Preventive Maintenance (PM)
  • Basics
  • Elements
• Predictive Maintenance (PDM) (Condition-Based      
• Maintenance) (CBM)
  • The Basic Concept of Predictive Maintenance
  • Benefits of Predictive Maintenance
• Impact of Maintenance
  • Role of the maintenance organization
  • Types of Maintenance
• Maintenance Improvement
• Corrective Maintenance
• Preventive Maintenance
• Reactive Maintenance
• Condition Monitoring
• Scheduled Maintenance 

III.    Condition Monitoring For Electrical Equipment

• Approaches Based On Mathematical Models
  • Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM)
  • Condition Based Maintenance (CBM)
  • Partial Discharge
• Insulation Resistance Monitoring
  • Insulation resistance test (IR)
  • Megger test
  • Polarization index test
  • Dc hi-pot test
  • Measuring insulation degradation
  • Insulation power factor
  • On line measuring partial discharge activity for insulation
• On-Line Monitoring Of Transformers
  • Local Indications
  • Thermography
  • PDA - Partial Discharge Analysis
  • Insulating Oil Properties and Tests
• Test for Dielectric Strength
• Water Content in Oil
• Acidity Test (Neutralization Number)
• Oxidation Inhibitor
• Interfacial Tension Test (IFT)
• Oil Color
• Oil Power Factor Test
• Insulating Oil Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)

Understanding cable thermal behavior after installation

• Optical cable Temperature Monitoring 

IV.    Earthing Systems

• Introduction
• Equipment Earthing
• System Earthing
  • Unearthed systems
  • Solid earthing
  • Resistance earthing
  • Reactance earthing
• Classification of Supply / Installation System Earthing
• Earthing Via Neutral Earthing Compensator
  • Distribution transformers
  • Zig Zag transformers
• Comparison of Methods (Advantages/Disadvantages)
  • Evaluation of Earthing methods
• Testing the Earthing electrode Resistance

 V.    Electrical Control Devices Fundamentals Maintenance and Troubleshooting

• Introduction
  •  General
  • Control Devices, Types & Application
• Relays
  • Classifications
  • Types & Characteristics
  • Relays Applications
  • Inverse Time over Current Relays Testing and Calibration
• Other Control Elements
  • Diodes
  • Thyristors
  • Transistors
• Applications of Semi-Conductors Devices
  • Power Devices
  • Rectification (single phase)
  • Rectification (three-phase)
  • Controlled Rectification
  • Inverters
  • Thyristors in A.C. Circuits
• Temperature Control Devices
  • General
  • Thermocouple
  • Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
  • Thermistor
• Basic Instrumentation Knowledge

 VI.    Generator Fundamentals Maintenance, Testing and Trouble Shooting

• Principles of Generators
  • AC Generators  
  • Generator excitation and voltage control       
  • Diesel generator sets          
  • Synchronizing of generators                  
  • Load sharing               
  • Load shedding            
• Preventative Maintenance
• Trouble Shooting
  • General Procedure
  • Generator Does Not Produce Voltage
  • Generator Produce Low Voltage
  • Generator Produce High Voltage
  • Generator Voltage Fluctuating
• Fault analysis for Generator Control Circuit

VII.    Motors, Motor Controller, Motor Starters Fundamentals, Maintenance and Troubleshooting

• Fundamentals
  • Types of A.C Electric Motors
  • Principles of Operation of the Induction Motor
  • Enclosures and Cooling
  • POWER FOR INDUCTION MOTORS
  • STARTING OF INDUCTION MOTORS
  • Motor Operation at Reduced Voltage
  • Power Factor Correction
• Motor Testing
• Motor Failures 

VIII.    Circuit Breaker Fundamentals, Maintenance, Service, Testing and Troubleshooting

• Fundamentals
  • Air Circuit Breakers.
  • Vacuum Circuit Breaker
  • SF6 Circuit breaker
  • Oil Circuit Breaker Ratings
  • Fuses
  • Trip Circuit Supervision
  • Circuit-Breaker Control
  • Low Voltage Molded Case Current Limiting Circuit Breakers
• HV Circuit Breakers Maintenance
• H.V Circuit-Breakers Tests 
• Low voltage Circuit Breaker Maintenance  

IX.    Transformer Fundamentals, Maintenance, Testing, and Troubleshooting

• Principles of Transformers
  • Saturation Curve & Voltage Ratio of Transformers
  • Current Ratio & Impedance of Transformers
  • Transformer Construction
  • Transformer losses and efficiency
  • Transformer Cooling & Types
  • Transformer Polarity
  • Transformer Applications
  • Transformer Accessories
  • Maintaining Transformers
• Preventative Maintenance
  • Transformer Inspection
  • Transformer Liquids
  • Dielectric Test
  • General Testing
  • Other Important Tests
  • Transformer Failure
  • Disassembly for Inspection
• Common Transformer Abnormalities
• Transformer Oil Tests
• Fault Analysis 

X.    UPS, Rectifiers, Inverters and Batteries Fundamentals Maintenance, Testing and Troubleshooting

• UPS Fundamentals
  • Rectifications & Inverters
  • Inverters
  • Batteries and Battery Charging
  • Battery Charging Tests
  • Safety during Battery Charging
  • Mixing Electrolyte
• Battery discharge test
• Troubleshooting Guide
• Resonant grounding using neutral reactor
• Impedance grounding through neutral resistance
• Classification of supply systems based on grounding
• Point of grounding
• Other challenges

PROTECTIVE GROUNDING

• Electric shock, its cause, and effects
• Direct and indirect contact
• Touch and step potential
• Role of protective grounding in minimizing the shock hazards
• Equipotential bonding
• Protective grounding conductors and installation
• Ground fault protection
• System classification based on system/protective grounding

GROUND ELECTRODE SYSTEMS

• Soil resistance and factors affecting soil resistivity
• Measurement of soil resistivity
• The resistance of ground electrode and distribution of resistance in surrounding soil layers
• Electrode current capacity
• Ground electrode configurations
• Parallel electrodes
• Ground electrode resistance measurement
• Chemical electrodes
• Concrete encased electrodes and splicing methods
• Corrosion of buried electrodes
• Grounding system maintenance

SUBSTATION GROUNDING DESIGN

• Grounding practices
• Basic design approach
• Calculating the ground fault current
• The ground potential rise in HV systems
• Grounding design in LV and MV substations/installations
• Grounding grid design for HV/EHV substations - A step-by-step approach
• Introduction to the 2-layer soil model
• Transferred potential and ways of avoiding
• Points needing special attention in substation grounding design and for GIS equipment
• Design of substations containing converter equipment feeding to HVDC transmission systems
• Ensuring effective substation grounding - Important aspects

 STATIC ELECTRICITY AND PROTECTION

• What is static electricity and how is it generated?
• Examples of static charge build-up and its dangers
• The energy of spark due to static electricity
• Ways of controlling the static build-up
• Risk assessment and preventive measures

GROUNDING FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

• The physics of lightning
• The lightning incidence in different landmasses
• Lightning strike probability
• Lightning protection
• Planning for protection and decision factors
• An improved approach to lightning protection and non-conventional systems
• Effect of lightning strikes on electrical installations

SURGES AND SURGE PROTECTION

• Surges, their causes, and mitigation
• The ways by which surges couple into electrical circuits
• Bonding of grounding systems
• The basic principle of surge protection and commonly used surge protection devices
• Graded surge protection
• Selecting appropriate surge protective devices and their positioning in a system
• Importance of correct grounding practices for sensitive equipment
• Other ways and devices for mitigating surge problems
• Comparative merits of different types of SPDs for sensitive equipment
• Hybrid surge protective devices
• Surge protection of telemetry and data communication systems

ELECTRICAL NOISE AND MITIGATION

• Definition of electrical noise
• How are sensitive circuits affected?
• Noise categories
• Noise from power electrical equipment
• Noise coupling into signal circuits
• Noise mitigation measures
• Role of proper grounding in reducing noise
• Noise control by the proper grounding of UPS derived supplies